oreilly auto car: April 2012

Merill Lynch Retirement Calculator

Merrill Lynch has this retirement calculator online, which is one of a number available. It has an annoying talking voice, but you can mute it. It is an interesting calculator, in that it may assure you that you are well on-track to a comfortable life, or it may panic you by illustrating how underfunded your retirement plan really is.

For me, it was reassuring.

Note: I am not endorsing or recommending Merrill Lynch or Merrill Edge. I do not use their investment services, personally.

Every Day is a Struggle

Life is a struggle - and it never gets easy, either. Many folks take the easy ways out and wonder why things don't work out well for them. You have to struggle, daily, to get ahead.

OK, so we sold off all our stuff, and paid off all our debts.   Life on easy street, right?

Hardly.   In fact, it seems more of a struggle than ever before.

Why is this?   Well, as a spendthrift, you don't spend too much time thinking about your bank balances or how to pay your bills.   You make the minimum payments and roll over debts and hope it all works out, until one day, 5, 10, 15 or even 20 years later, the shit hits the fan and you realize that you should have been paying attention.

So, the life of the debtor is actually more carefree than that of the frugal.   The debtor merely accumulates more debt and buys more stuff and never thinks about the consequences - like our Mullet-headed friend.

But once you are forced to pay cash (or the equivalent - money you HAVE, not money you BORROW) then you have to make harder choices.

Suddenly, things seem more expensive than before. And suddenly, even small amounts of money seem huge. Not only are things not easier being debt-free (and staying that way) they are harder.

You realize that you are not as rich as you once thought you were, and you have to pinch pennies, clip coupons, buy things on sale - or not buy things at all.

It is tough.   But the alternative, while fun in the short run, it tougher in the long haul.   The misery of perpetual debt and the perpetual need to suckle on the credit teat is far worse than the struggle to live within one's means.

Yes, there is a bit of an ecstatic rush when you pay off debts, and realize that you are debt-free. But staying that way is very hard to do - and requires constant vigilance.

For example, in 2005, we sold our home and were debt-free and had a pile of money in the bank. Woo-Hoo! It was great.   But not for long.   We decided, for some reason, that we had to have a "house" and went back into debt to get one.   Bad idea. We could have lived with less and remained debt-free but chose not to.

We fell into the mentality that "everyone has debt" so it must be OK. And we didn't realize that taking on a mortgage at age 50 ain't such a swell idea, when retirement is about a decade off.

So, now, in 2012, we are debt-free again, and this time intend to stay that way.

And it ain't easy to do!   It is a struggle.   Life is a struggle.   But it is a worthwhile struggle.

Pedal Confusion

Pedal Confusion Happens - to the best of us! Women and the Elderly seem particularly prone.

The government released a report the other day, citing pedal confusion as the cause of the "unintended acceleration" crashes of many Toyotas.   It was an eerie echo of the Audi 5000 pedal confusion fiasco of thirty years past.

Then, as now, a popular car, known for its quality and durability, was suddenly being tagged as having a weird, unexplainable "unintended acceleration" problem.   Sales plummeted, and people blamed "mysterious electrical gremlins" or problems with the cruise control. Studies were conducted, tests made, lawsuits filed.

The ultimate conclusion? People were confusing the gas and the brake pedals.

Of course, this was shouted down by a host of people - who want to externalize their problems. After all, they know the difference between the gas and brake, right? It had to be someone else's fault!

But the reality tells another story.   On models offered also with manual transmissions, the incidence of "unintended acceleration" was negligible. This alone tells the tale.

In most incidents, the person reporting describes the engine "revving more and more, the harder I pressed on the brake pedal!" - this should tell you all you need to know, too. They are pressing on the gas, which causes the exact symptoms stated.

After the Audi 5000 fiasco, Volkswagen, the parent company of Audi, has installed software in their cars that returns the engine to idle when you step on the brakes.   This is a good idea - as it eliminates the practice of riding the brakes, which a surprising number of people do.

The only problem with this technique, is that it won't stop the unintended acceleration problem caused by pedal confusion (which is the overwhelming majority of situations).   All it does is insulate the company from litigation by proving that, if the person really was stepping on the brake as they claimed, the car would have slowed down.

Why are people subject to pedal confusion?   Shit happens at they say, and I can recall two times in my life when this happened - both in cars with manual transmissions, and the end result was stalling the car - but only after it leapt forward several feet - unintentionally. But if it can happen to me, it can happen to anyone - and it need only happen once to have tragic consequences.

The effect is frightening. You step on what you think is the brake, and the engine revs. Without thinking, you step harder, and the engine revs more. You panic and your brain freezes - danger signals are coming in from all over - your "fight or flight" instinct is raised. And yes, the last thing you think about is what pedal you are pressing on.

Why does this happen? It is an interesting psychological phenomenon - you do the same thing day in and day out, and one day, your brain just slips a gear and you drop a plate, instead of setting it down on the table. We all make mistakes. It is a predictable outcome, not some weird outlier behavior.

Older people often are subject to this problem. My Grandfather once drove his Cadillac up over the curb, from a standstill, and through a shop window. No one was hurt (thank God) but he handed in his license the next day.

Others are not so fortunate. One elderly gentleman drove through a farmer's market after a pedal confusion incident, and killed a number of people.   This happens with regularity.

What is distressing about these incidents is that people don't want to blame themselves but rather want to blame the car maker.   This is what is wrong with America, of course.   It is not that pedal confusion could even be a possibility to them - it is not even possible!   And yet, every year, dozens, if not hundreds of such incidents occur.

So called experts were able to "replicate" the problem, but only after shorting out many safeties in the systems our outright faking the results. These "experts" of course, are often hired by lawyers wanting to sue the car companies, so you have to consider the source. Also, the tests fail to rationalize why, in most cars, the brakes can overpower the engine, particularly at low speeds:

60 Minutes aired a report titled "Out of Control" on November 23, 1986,^[21] featuring interviews with six people who had sued Audi after reporting unintended acceleration, including footage of an Audi 5000 ostensibly displaying a surge of acceleration while the brake pedal was depressed.^[22]^[23]^[24] Subsequent investigation revealed that 60 Minutes had not disclosed they had engineered the vehicle's behavior — fitting a canister of compressed air on the passenger-side floor, linked via a hose to a hole drilled into the transmission^[21]^[22] — the arrangement executed by one of the experts who had testified on behalf of a plaintiff in a then pending lawsuit against Audi's parent company.^[25]

And of course, once the media gets ahold of the story, what happens? Everyone jumps on the bandwagon, reports an "unintended acceleration" problem, either hoping to cash in on a law suit, or wanting to blame the car-maker for what would ordinarily be their own malfeasance.

While some safety advocates have pointed to an increase in reports of unintended acceleration after Toyota switched to using electronic throttle control, NASA said in its report that it found no such correlation. Reports of sudden acceleration in Toyota cars did spike whenever there was national publicity focused on the issue, however, NASA said.

Are some cars more prone to this? Perhaps. One report I recall reading noted that the Audi had pedals that were located more to the left, and thus one might press the wrong pedal by accident. So it is possible that pedal location and design may play a part, but not necessarily "electrical gremlins".

High heeled shoes or poorly made shoes may be to blame, too. Women wear the worst sort of shoes (as do old people) tending to concentrate on style more than comfort. You cannot "feel" through a hard leather sole, and a high heel? Forgetaboutit!

There are documented cases of cars slipping into gear, particularly some Fords and Chrysler's that pop out of "Park" and into "Reverse". However, in recent years, pedal interlocks have been installed in most cars, requiring your foot to be on the brake before the car can be pulled out of Park. This also eliminates problems when children try to pull on the shift lever (or pets, for that matter).

So what can you do to help prevent pedal confusion? A few things:

1. No "two foot driving" - the right foot is for the gas AND brakes. The left foot is for the clutch. If you have an automatic, your left foot does nothing. Lazy drivers drive with both feet, and as a result, it is easier to jam the left foot onto the wrong pedal. If you use ONE foot, you know you have to take it OFF the gas and put it ON the brake, which leads to less confusion.

2. Use your parking brake.   You should set the parking brake on your car whenver you park it. If you don't use it, the cables will rust in place and then it won't be there when you need it.   The parking brake might *help* hold the car in place if you run into such a problem.

3. Shut your car off, if idling.   A car idling burns fuel, and if it running for more than 10 seconds, shut it down.   More important than that, a car idling is a very dangerous thing. Some cars, if not securely put into PARK can pop back into REVERSE (new brake interlocks alleviate this problem in newer cars). But regardless, an idling car is a dangerous thing. Just shut it down.

4. Don't walk in front or behind of an idling car, if you can help it.   Granted, this is hard to do in the city, when you have to walk across the street and feel the hot breath of a line of idling cars. But when at home, avoid wedging yourself between a car and a garage wall.   Once slip of the driver's foot, and it is all over, for you.

5. Know how to shut down your car in an emergency - and what to expect. In one celebrated case, a cop in a loaner Lexus didn't realize that to shut off the motor, you have to push and hold the start button. A floor mat jammed under the gas pedal while traveling down a long hill, and he stabbed at the start button in a panic. Everyone in the car died in a high speed crash.   In a remote area (empty parking lot) practice this at low speed.    Be able to turn the key OFF without LOCKING the steering column (which would be a disaster). Note how the steering gets hard - and the brakes will too, shortly.

6. Be ready to shift into Neutral - again, most people don't think to do this, as they are in a panic. It may over-rev your engine, but it is better than the alternative.

7. Don't think you are immune - Pedal confusion can happen to anyone, not just the elderly.   It happened to me when I was in my 20's. Fortunately, I was able to react in time.

8. Drive a stick-shift:   In addition to eliminating the pedal confusion problem, you will likely get better gas mileage (on most cars, particularly depending on driving style) and have fewer mechanical problems.   In addition, a stick-shift is the best theft protector around - most young punks can't drive them!

You feel bad for these folks who get into these pedal confusion accidents.   They don't want to think that an error they made caused them to run over their own kid or get into a horrible accident.   But it does happen, with regularity.

And one can understand why they want to externalize this horrible thing - after all, no one wants to blame themselves - the car was "possessed".   And an army of sleazy lawyers will help you sue the car companies, too.

Many modern cars are being equipped with adaptive cruise control - which adjusts your vehicle speed based on the car ahead of you.   You can lock onto someone else's car and just go.   You hope they are a good driver, of course.   This same technology is being used to activate the brakes when a crash is sensed - and perhaps this technology could be used to avoid pedal confusion, or at least minimize the results of it.

On-board "black boxes", while not preventing the problem, at least make it easier to diagnose it - by proving that the driver was pressing on the accelerator and not the brakes.

But what is interesting about this phenomenon - and it has been going on for decades - is the insistence by some people that the car is at fault, regardless of the fact that the incidence of these accidents is very small, spread across every make and model car (with the exception of those with stick-shifts).    In fact, you can expect to hear a comment from someone in 3...2...1.. Flame!

But that is just weak thinking - the knee-jerk reaction to blame someone else for your problems, or problems in general, and particularly when you can blame a faceless "big corporation" and claim they are "covering up" documents (Google the 'net, it is full of such nonsense).

Property Taxes and Wealth versus Income

You can own a home outright and still not be able to afford it. Huh?

In the last 20 years something weird has happened in America, and most folks are not talking about it. I am not talking about the housing bubble, the tech bubble (and it soon-to-recur reprise) or the coming retirement debacle.   What I am talking about is the staggering increases in property taxes and homeowner's insurance that has made the cost of owning a home, well, staggering.

Oddly enough, one cause of this problem was an attempt to fix it.   For example, in the 1980's in Florida, they passed a law, called the "Save Our Homes!" act, which capped property taxes for "homesteaded" owners at 2% increase per annum. While this may have saved the homes of people living there, it meant that in order to raise revenues, the local governments had to raise other folk's taxes substantially.

So, if you lived in Florida since 1985, the property taxes on a $750,000 home might be $3500.   But if you bought that home today, your taxes would skyrocket to $12,000 to $15,000, depending on jurisdiction, and that is even if you are "homesteaded".   In fact, until recently, this law was so perverse that when people sold their "homesteaded" home and moved to a smaller home or condo, their taxes would go up as a result.   Today, they allow you to "transfer" your homestead exemption, which at least helps the homesteaded.

Of course, this means that out-of-State owners (who can't vote in Florida) pay a lot more in taxes, as do commercial owners. But it also means that you can own a home outright and not be able to afford it.

Insurance is the other shoe to drop. Granted, in coastal Florida, insurance is high - particularly when you have to have three policies - wind, flood, and fire - which can top $3000 to $5000 a year.   But even in other States, the cost of insurance has escalated as claims for things like toxic mold have crept up. Suddenly, what was a trivial, almost incidental part of home ownership is a major headache.

Property taxes are an interesting beast, as they are not tied to income, but rather to something you already bought and paid for. So it is possible, over time, to pay more for a home in taxes than you did for the home.   For the $750,000 home example illustrated above, at $15,000 a year, in 50 years you've paid more in taxes than the purchase price of the house.   And given that taxes go up every year, chances are, you are talking closer to 30 years. Throw in the insurance, and maybe 20.

Buying a house, as I have noted before, is only buying the rights to rent it from the government. The local taxing authority is the ultimate landlord, and recently has been raising the rents, significantly.

We recently returned from Florida, where Mark has a remainderman interest in his Parent's house.   His step-Mother has a Life Estate, and when she passes (or surrenders the property) the house will pass to the three children.   The problem is, the house, even in this recession, is worth a lot of money, even if it is still an original 1950's Florida house.   It is on the beach - and the land is worth more than the house.

As former Florida residents, we realize that the staggering taxes and insurance - which could be close to $20,000 a year - are out of our league.   Even if the house is given to us for free, we could not afford to retire there.   Well we could, but we'd rather spend the money on something other than property taxes. Unfortunately, Mark's siblings haven't done the math on this and think they could keep the home as a "Vacation home" or "investment" and then rent it out to pay the taxes.

The problem with this approach is that it will be rented out almost all the time to pay the taxes (and the overhead of the rental agency) and as a result not be available for use by the three siblings. Moreover, it won't be much of an investment, at least for another 5-10 years as housing prices remain flat in Florida.

The house is free.   But owning it isn't. And we ran into this with our vacation home in New York, even though the taxes and insurance there were an "affordable" $8000 or so.   We realized, after five years, that the carrying cost of the home - paid for in cash - was more than we could afford. We could afford to own it, just not to keep it.

All across America, we are seeing this same calculation playing out, on everything from a trailer home to an opulent mansion. People may have money, but they don't have the income to pay property taxes, which recur regardless of your income and regardless of whether your income decreases - which it will, when you retire.

And as property taxes and homeowner's insurance go up, housing prices go down.   Housing prices are dictated by how much people can afford to pay.   Yes, buying something on monthly payment is dumb - but even if the overall transaction costs of owning a home are zero, you still have to make those monthly payments in the interim.   And if all you can afford is, say, $2000 a month, a $500 a month property tax and insurance bill pretty much dictates how much is left over for the mortgage.   Reverse Amortize this with the current interest rates and bingo - you've arrived at the price.

It is a teeter-totter. As interest rates go up, housing prices go down. As insurance costs and property taxes go up, housing prices go down.   And even in this era of low interest rates, what is strangling property price growth is higher taxes, insurance, and other fees (fire fees, trash fees, and other fees, once part of property taxes, are now being priced a la carte in many jurisdictions).

So it is ironic - I can afford to buy a million-dollar home, but I cannot afford to live in it.   And this is true for a lot of people - who are finding out now that the mini-mansion which looked so cool is also so utterly unaffordable, particularly on a retirement income.

Why have property taxes skyrocketed? Why have insurance rates jumped? In part because of a lot of weak thinking on the part of government.

In New York State, we were priced out by Albany - and the Federal Government. The Feds dictate to the States that they have to provide a welfare "safety net" - but doesn't provide enough funding to pay for this "mandate".   The States then foist this off on the Counties, who in turn sock it to the taxpayers.   In many counties in Central New York, things like fire protection, police protection, and road maintenance are being slashed, so that the welfare "mandates" - which cannot be cut - can be funded.

It is an odd scenario - the very things that were once considered necessities, such as roads and Police and Fire protection, are now deemed luxuries.   And putting people on the dole is deemed a necessity.

The other half of that coin is the luxurious pay scales the teacher's unions have put through - as well as their very fat retirement plans.   No school teacher is worth $100,000 a year - sorry. That is twice the median income in the USA. And yet many make that much.

Many of the folks here on "retirement island" are retired New York State school teachers, and yes, they all drive brand-new cars.   While other folks suffer in a recession, State workers do pretty well, particularly when they are retired and cannot be laid-off.

The net result is a $7,000 tax bill on a $400,000 house - an amount I could not afford. So we sold.

Insurance is another area where weak thinking by the government has interfered with the market. I am not a big fan of State Farm, as I have expressed here before. But after Hurricane Katrina, a well-meaning kindly Judge in Alabama decided that since so many people lost their homes, that State Farm should buy them a new one, even though they wrote policies which explicitly excluded flood and wind protection.

As a result, State Farm - and a lot of companies - stopped writing policies in coastal areas.   And the few remaining people writing policies had less competition, and rates escalated.   The thought of writing a fire policy and then having it bootstrapped into a hurricane policy no doubt scared them - and they had to factor-in that risk.   When a Judge can re-write an insurance policy to suit his whims - because he "feels sorry" for people who lost vacation homes on the beach - you cannot underwrite the risk.

So today, homeowner's insurance is no small thing - it can dominate your monthly mortgage payment nearly as much as property taxes. And combined, these can mean that even though you own a home free-and-clear, you still have to pay hundreds of dollars a month - perhaps thousands - just for the privilege of living there.

In the example of the Florida house, with the property taxes, hurricane insurance, utilities and maintenance (pool service, lawn care, cleaning), we are talking about $2000 to $2500 a month. In order to pay this, the house would have to be rented from December to May. So much for a vacation home - well not for our vacation, but maybe someone else's.

So how do you get out from under this conundrum?   By not owning an expensive home or a big home, or more home than you need.   While it may be swell to have a mini-mansion and granite counter-tops, you do pay for this, every month, every year, in the form of taxes and insurance, not to mention utilities and maintenance.

And because of this, we see today, so many people being "house poor" even as they drag in $100,000 a year or more.   They spend every penny on living expenses, particularly mortgage payments, and under-fund their retirement. They have income - but no wealth.   I have wealth, but no income - which is an interesting conundrum.   The income person can "afford" the fancy house, but cannot afford to accumulate wealth.   I have the wealth, but don't have the income to afford the fancy house.

Frankly, I am happier with the latter.   Why? Because the less I have, the smaller a footprint I am for the tax man.    Working more and owning more, to me, means only paying more taxes.   So I work less, own less, and do more.

Austin’s Speech Act Theory

What is speech act: Brainstorming

Every word belonged to human language represents to the actual world, which means, there must be things, actions, or even characteristics in the actual world that can be seen, done, or felt when you say the words. Just say the word ‘table’, it represents a thing made of wood usually has square shape and four legs which function as the pair of chair. You can see the thing in the actual world, and of course in your mind there is an image about how the ‘table’ looks like. Or the word ‘walk’, you move from one place to another place by foot. The action is there, and it can be seen and done. Or the word hot, cool, beautiful, etc, they all have the same case since all of them can be felt directly in the actual world.

However, have you ever heard the word promise, command, suggest, advise, conratulate, etc? Can you see the particular action done by someone to refer to those? How is the form movement of the body? Can you imagine how the action represented by those words look like? Those words are called speech acts, that is language as action, which means by uttering the word you do the action, you are not just saying something but are actually doing something. If you say “get out of here!” actually you do command action, or “you should do this instead of that.” By uttering that sentence you perfom an action that is sugesting, or etc.

It is important to note that the utterence/sentence category that can be used to refer to speech act must be performative utterence/sentence.

You can perform at least three different kinds of act when you speak. There are locutionary act (as Searly called it utterence act) refers to the fact that you must use words and sentences if you are saying anything, illocutionary act refers to the intent of the speaker, and perlocutionary act refers to an act will be done by the heare as the respon to the locution and illocution.

Therefore, the utterence “get out of here!” has locution act: get out of here!, in which the illocution is commanding, and the perlocution will be the hearer leaves the room.
......................................................................
See also:

Austin's Speech Act Theory
Performative vs. Constative Sentence
Austin’s five categories of performative

Every Possible Thing You Can Do Wrong!

If you look up "Schmuck" in the Dictionary, you will see this photo.

A reader tipped me off to this article in the New York Times (consider the source) about how 401(k) plans are a "failure". They are not a failure, but will fail when people - even so-called smart people - make horrendous mistakes.

This fellow did about every possible thing wrong you can do, when investing:

"The bull market ended with the bursting of that bubble in 2000. My tech-laden portfolio was cut in half. A half-dozen years later, I got divorced, cutting my 401(k) in half again. A few years after that, I bought a house that needed some costly renovations. Since my retirement account was now hopelessly inadequate for actual retirement, I reasoned that I might as well get some use out of the money while I could. So I threw another chunk of my 401(k) at the renovation. That’s where I stand today."

So what did he do wrong? Just about every possible thing you can do. All at once.

1. Greed: Investing in the tech stock sector was a plain play at greed - hoping to make huge returns on investments, rather than saving to invest. Guess how that played out? Note that as a Patent Attorney who represents or represented may of these "high tech" companies, I do not have much of my portfolio invested in tech stocks. That alone should speak volumes to you.

2. Investing in all of one thing: If your portfolio is well-balanced, you cannot be "taken out" by a collapse in one sector. Yea, bonds are not sexy. Neither is life insurance. Neither is a paid-for home.   But if you spread out risk, you are more immune from market dips.

3. Divorce: I wrote about this before - a stupid waste of money.   People get divorced in this country because they think they can afford it. But it is a very expensive proposition and usually wipes out both parties. Unless one party is abusing the other, consider marriage counseling.

4. Home Renovations: I wrote about this before as well.   Improving a house, at most, will increase its value by 50 cents for every dollar you invest.   What other investment is worth less than half what you put into it? Well, other than a new car.

5. Weak Thinking: The reason he tapped into his 401(k) for home improvements was the worst of weak thinking, "Well, I can't retire on it anyway, so I might as well spend it!" DUMB.

6. Cashing In a 401(k): In addition to losing your retirement savings, you pay a 10% penalty. DUMBER.

7. Saying "I'll never Retire": Oh yea? Well, maybe the "Grey Lady" has other ideas, and perhaps wants a columnist on money matters who isn't a complete and utter fool.   Retirement isn't something you plan, in many cases, but something that is thrust upon you, often years before you are "ready"

The list goes on and on. The only good thing I can say about this fool is that at least he is man enough to own up to it. However, then he goes and ruins it by saying the problem is in the 401(k) system itself, and implying that the government needs to bail us all out - now.

He will have to learn to live on Social Security. And a lot of "high fliers" end up this way - read your history books. They live fabulous lives in their 30's and 40's and end up dying destitute. And I suspect this fellow will, unless he wins a Pulitzer price for idiocy, soon.

How can you avoid the trap this fellow willingly stepped into? Several ways:

1. NEVER tap into your 401(k) or IRA, for ANYTHING.   Bankruptcy is the best approach if you have pressing bills.   Your retirement plan SURVIVES Bankruptcy!

2. Learn to live on less: Fancy houses and remodeling jobs are great for the ego, shitty for the bank account.   Learn to live like a poor person, because chances are, you really are one - or poorer than you think! Just because all your neighbors have fancy houses and cars and iPhones doesn't mean you have to have them, too!

3. DIVERSIFY your portfolio - never invest in all one thing.

4. Pay off debts! Be debt-free by age 50, if possible. Have your house paid for, your cars paid for, your student loans paid for, and NO CREDIT CARD DEBT!

5. Live below your income: It is temping to spend more and more, particularly as you think you are a "success in life" as measured by the car you drive.   But that excess income is what you should be using to accumulate wealth, not squander it.

I am sorry that this fellow has put himself in such a shitty position. Be he alone is to blame for his woes, not the "tech sector meltdown" or his divorce (which he had nothing to do with, right?) or the inherent unfairness of the 401(k) system.

And by the way, the IRA and 401(k) ain't going away anytime soon, friends, so just deal with it.

This fellow lived high off the hog and is now paying for it. Too bad for him, but he ran up the tab at the bar, he has to pay it, not Uncle Sam, and by extension, us taxpayers.

The only uplifting thing about this article is that it made me feel better about myself. I may be a broken-down old Patent Attorney, but at age 52 I am in much better shape than this schmuck is at age 60.

But then again, I bet he has an iPhone 4.

Lawyer Scams!

Lawyers have a well-deserved reputation for sleaziness. But like all good scams, most of them prey upon the greed of the Mark. If you get ripped-off by a sleazy lawyer, chances are, it was because you engaged him.

There are a lot of Lawyer scams out there these days. Lawyers promise to make you rich beyond your wildest dreams - or get you out of a sticky legal problem. And most folks fall for this - thinking that a lawyer can defy gravity and bend the law in their favor - or get them a lawsuit judgment that will make them a millionaire. It is greed - on the part of the client - that usually gets the client in trouble.

What sort of scams are out there? There are many:

Immigration Attorneys: A friend of mine who used to be an immigration attorney turned me on to this one.   During the Reagan years, he had a booming business with the "amnesty" provisions they passed (yes that Regan, although the GOP today would dispute that Ronald Regan ever granted immigrants amnesty).   In more recent years, however, if you are here illegally, you have to return to your home country and then apply for a Visa.   As a result, his business tanked, and he closed his shop.

Other Immigration Attorneys were not so easily dissuaded.   As my friend tells it, a Mexican family comes to him, distraught that their friend will be deported.   He tells them kindly that there is nothing he can do - there will be a hearing and shortly thereafter, their friend will be on a bus back to Mexico.

A hour later, the client calls him. "You are not a very good Attorney!" they say, "We found another Abogado (attorney) to take our case, and he says he can represent our friend at the hearing and stop him from being deported!"

My friend tries to warn them, but they are taken in by a slick Attorney who tells them what they want to hear - that they can win a case that is a slam-dunk for the prosecution.    And only for the low, low fee of $5000.   Where they get the money, I do not know.

So what happens? The Lawyer keeps the $5000, the client is deported to Mexico, and life goes on. Pretty slick racket - as your clients can't complain to the State Bar - they have been deported.

Social Security Disability Attorneys: These folks advertise a lot these days, promising to "cut the red tape" and help you get full Social Security Disability! They will "fight for you" to get what is right!

What is the catch? They take 30% of "past owed" disability payments, and then rack up the bill by delaying recognition of your disability. Rather than "cut through the red tape" they create as much as possible.

If they can delay your qualification for Social Security Disability by several years, then they can collect tens of thousands of dollars in legal fees.   And doing this is not hard - they submit applications that are intentionally incomplete or flawed, and then when they are rejected, they tell the client that "Those bastards at the Social Security Administration are being hard-asses" but of course, they will re-submit the application, with new evidence!

One client confided to me that he finally went to his local Social Security Office and talked with a case manager. She said, "Let's just toss all this crap your attorney sent into the garbage and fill out a new form, and you will have your benefits within two weeks."

And of course, in two weeks, he got his first Social Security check, which included three years of back-payments, which the law firm wanted 30% of - for doing nothing.

Personal Injury Attorneys:   Personal Injury and Med/Mal Attorneys advertise heavily on billboards, particularly in Florida. "We will FIGHT for you!" they say, often with their sleeves rolled up and their pathetic Lawyer biceps showing.   But who they fight for is themselves, of course.

How does it work? Well, they might actually get a bigger check from the insurance company, but after they take out their 50-60% commission plus another 20% in "expenses" you are lucky to get anything at all - and what you do get is often less than the insurance company offered in the first place (or what you could have gotten from then directly, with a little negotiation).

For example, a friend of mine was run over on his bicycle. It seemed like a pretty open-and-shut case, and the insurance company offered to pay his medical bills plus $100,000 for pain and suffering.

He hired a lawyer, figuring his months in the hospital were worth more than that.   They weren't.   After three years of pre-trial discovery and maneuvering, the insurance company offered to settle for $50,000 on the eve of trial. The attorneys recommended this settlement and took most of the money. My friend got nothing.

The pattern used by many of these sleaze-artists is the same. They convince the client that a lawsuit will be like winning the lottery - turning the legal system into a Casino and playing on the Casino Mentality that pervades in our society.   And there are just enough obscene jury verdicts to convince a patsy - I mean client - that they will "win big" for their skinned knee, that they agree to go along with this.

But most people don't win millions at trial (which is usually reduced severely on appeal). In fact, most of these cases never go to trial, but are settled, as my friend's was, usually long before trial. The insurance company pays out a little more, to be sure, but most of that is taken by the Lawyer. The client ends up with less than the insurance company's initial offer.

But like with the Casinos, the PI and Med/Mal Attorneys make sure that there are lots of headlines for big payouts - so the suckers, er, clients, believe that they too, someday, will win it big at litigation lottery. They won't. The Lawyers will.

Tax Attorneys: Again, you've seen the ads - "We'll stop the IRS from slapping a lien on your business!" they claim. So you send them $10,000 or $20,000 and...... they do nothing.

The IRS continues with its legal process, but instead of getting legal representation, you get bubkis. Like with the Immigration Attorney, there is little you can do if you run afoul of the IRS. There is no magic "get out of jail free" card, if you don't pay your taxes.

So you pay a lot to this lawyer and you still have accounts attached, tax liens filed, and wages garnished.   And if the attorney is clever enough, he tells the client, "Well, it would be a whole lot worse, if you didn't have me around!"

And the client gives him his blubbering thanks.

The reality is, of course, if you just engage the IRS and figure out what you owe, you can work out a payment plan.   But if you have not been paying taxes for several years because your business is failing (and you should have closed it ages ago) there is nothing a lawyer can really do for you, other than to recommend a Bankruptcy Attorney.

Bankruptcy Attorneys: Again, this kind advertises heavily.   They promise to do great things, and may even have claimed to filed papers for you.   But many of them do nothing, but let your financial situation get worse and worse.

The worst of the lot are quasi-legal law firms, either claiming to be lawyers or having one lawyer on staff. They tell you to send your debt payments to them to be placed in "escrow" while they "negotiate the debt".   They do nothing other than take your money and your creditors go through the usual legal channels to foreclose or repossess.

You end up broke and destitute, the Attorney ends up rich. Nice deal, eh?

* * *

The list goes on and on, of course. In every area and practice of law, there are Attorneys and Lawyers interested more in lining their own pockets than in working to the advantage of their clients.   And in part, this is an inherent problem with the Attorney-Client relationship. As one wag once put it to me, "The Attorney-Client relationship is, in and of itself, a conflict of interest!"

Simply stated, it is to the Attorney's advantage to drag out every legal proceeding for as long as possible, to insure the highest possible rate of return - in terms of billings. What is in the client's best interest is often not in the Attorney's.   Professionalism, in a nutshell, is in the ability to see the difference between these two interests, and advising the client what is in their best interests, regardless of what is in the Attorney's best interest.

There are good lawyers out there - and bad ones.   And the same could be said of Dentists. Some recommend costly procedures that make a lot of money for the Dentist and do little to help the patient. It is incumbent on the patient to find a good Dentist and think critically about proffered services.

The same is true of the legal profession.   When a lawyer promises astounding legal outcomes, a client should be skeptical.   And staying away from such attorneys is not hard to do.

Attorneys are now allowed to advertise on billboards.   And like anything else heavily advertised, it usually is a raw deal.   The best Attorneys - the ones who really give a damn - don't advertise much.   They get their referrals from word-of-mouth alone. Their phone never stops ringing, even though they are not on the television or on a billboard.

The ones who advertise on the billboards? They need a steady stream of business, because none of their clients will refer business to them.   And the more they advertise, the chances are, the sleazier they are.

Again, the best deals in life sell themselves.   And anything hyped or promoted should make you wary.   Think of it as Police tape marking off a crime scene, with the warning "bad deal ahead!"

The other way to stay out of these traps is to stop thinking that life is all about something-for-nothing - that you are going to get wads of unearned cash just because someone hit your car in an intersection.   Because chances are, it ain't gonna happen. Sure, they will take your money, and you can be the friend with the perpetual problem, as you regale your friends about "your case" and what an injustice it is that you ran a red light and that cheap insurance company won't pay off!

Like with anything else in life, a lot of the control of these situations is in your hands, and far from being a passive victim, you do have choices you can make.   If you believe in something-for-nothing, chances are, you will make bad choices and end up bitter, angry, depressed, and poor.

This is not to say there are not valid cases out there - and good Lawyers.   But insurance companies recognize a good case, and in most cases, it doesn't take much to get a claims limit settlement. And there are a few cases where a good lawyer gets a good settlement for a client.   But even then, the lawyer takes a lion's share of the dough.   There aren't in this for social justice, no matter what John Edwards tries to tell you.

Avoiding lawyer scams isn't hard to do.   Don't be greedy. And never, ever buy anything advertised on a billboard or on the television (or radio), period.

What Time Is It? What Day?

One of the most subtle normative cues in your life is the calendar - and the clock. Most folks just take the date and time for granted, not realizing that this very simple thing affects how you think and act - and is also a symbol of power.

People - not very smart people - are whining about the end of the world because it was foretold, supposedly, by the Mayan Calendar.   This is, of course, a lot of hogwash. But it points out how calendars and how the days, months, and years are tallied, are a huge normative cue that you may not even appreciate.

For example, here in the West, we generally use a Calendar devised in part by the Romans, but demarcating the years based on the life of Christ.   Right there is a powerful statement as to what is, and is not important in Western Culture.   Christianity is embedded, right into how we demarcate time.

Of course, not everyone follows our calendar.   The Japanese use the "Year of the Emperor" which gets confusing, as Emperors only live so long, and you have to predicate each year based on which Emperor you are talking about.   But again, the message is clear - the very time we demarcate on this planet is based on who is in power - who is in control.

Israelis use a Hebrew Calendar. Islamic countries use an Islamic Calendar. But due to the dominance of our culture and technology worldwide, you can bet that when it comes to technology, telecommunications, finance and banking, we count the years from the date of birth of you-know-who. So, while other cultures may have their own calendars, the commonly accepted international calendar is, well, the Christian Calendar - just as English is the standard International Language and the Dollar the standard currency (too bad about that Euro, we all thought it was a comer, too).

For Americans, this all seems very normal. But to someone in another part of the world, having this Christian calendar shoved down your throat must seem, well, an obvious normative cue.

The planets, however, have their own agendas, and spin and rotate based on their own inherent characteristics. Our feeble attempts to demarcate this into an orderly system have largely failed. Today we have modified the Julian calendar to accommodate the planet's insistence on not rotating an exact 365 days every year, adding leap days and even leap minutes and seconds.

And with the change of seasons, we enact something called Daylight Savings Time.   And that is where you tend to notice these normative cues.   When people start messing with the clocks, it messes you up, regardless of whether it is being jet-lagged between time zones or when the set the clocks back or forward every year.   Your brain realizes that time is an organic thing, and these numbers on the clock are rather arbitrary - and a cognitive dissonance sets in.

The interesting thing about this whole deal is how subtle it is.   Learning to tell time and the days of the week, and the months of the year, are things that are first taught to children.   And we accept this - under the radar - without ever thinking about the fact that a Tuesday and a Saturday are the same thing, only given different names by mankind.

The days of the week are a particular case in point.   Our entire culture is shaped around them, with many folks going from cradle-to-grave thinking that a Saturday and a Sunday are somehow "different" than a Wednesday, and that you have to work or go to school five days a week, and then goof off or go to church on the other two.

It is a normative cue that is not even up for discussion.   And you may feel that a Tuesday "feels different" than a Thursday.    But they are arbitrary labels.   And what position of the stars we chose as the beginning of each year is arbitrary as well. But you start talking that way and, well, people freak out. They need time to be harnessed to the yoke and put to their own uses - lest it all spin out of control.

Time-Shifting, as I have written about before, is one way to make better use of time. Work on the weekends, take Wednesday and Thursday off (or whatever).   There is less traffic, less hassle, more space, more availability.

But the great unwashed masses of humanity head out every Friday to go to the beach, or to the mountains, or whatever, all in the same herd they traveled in when commuting to work (and in the same cars).   And being crowded together - by time - seems normal to them.

In any argument, the key is to challenge the underlying assumption. Usually that is where the weak point of the opponent's argument lies.    How we delineate time - in terms of hours, days, weeks, months, and years, is an unspoken assumption that is tied into our power structure - and our religious structure as well (often the same thing).   Challenge that, and well, you are basically an anarchist.

Breakfast of Champions

I just got back from a camping trip. This morning, I watched a severely overweight man consume a two-liter bottle of Mountain Dew as breakfast.

What is wrong with people today? Doesn't he realize that is a horrible diet that has already lead to severe obesity (we are talking 100 lbs overweight) and will, inevitably, lead to diabetes, heart disease, and death?

Or is that "telling people what to do"?

I just don't get it.

Love is pain

People who had never suffered for love, never actually knew love. If it never hurt, it was not love.
Love opens the closed, revives the unrealized, brightens the invisible, and glorifies the unappreciated.
Love catapults the hopes into the sky .
But, if it is disappointed, love Heartbreaks to its deepest.

Orang yang tak pernah menderita karena cinta, sesungguhnya tak pernah mengenal cinta. Jika rasa itu tak pernah melukai, pasti itu bukan cinta.
Cinta membuka yang selama ini tertutup, menyadarkan yang belum pernah disadari, mencemerlangkan yang tak terlihat, dan memuliakan yang tak terhargai.
Cinta melambungkan harapan ke langit.
Tapi, jika ia dikecewakan, cinta menyayat hati sampai ke dasarnya.

Deep Structure vs. Surface Structure

One of the most important concepts proposed by Chomsky is the concept of surface and deep structure. The Generativism paradigm claims that the concept of structural analysis proposed by Structuralism paradigm is too swallow, it only reaches the level of surface structure. Surface structure can be defined as the syntactic form they take as actual sentences. In the other words, it is forms of sentences resulted from modification/ transformation. Consider these sentences:

(1) You close the door.

(2) The door is closed by you.

(3) Close the door!

The first sentence is active, second is passive, and the last is imparative. However, if you take a look those closely, you will find that those three are very closely related, even identical. They seem to be identical, since they have the same undelying abstract representation that is called deep structure. It is defined as an abstract level of structural organization in which all the elements determining structural interpretation are represented. If you want to analyze the relation of those three sentences, the first you have to know about the deep structure of them, since deep structure is the input of transformation rules. We cannot apply transformation rules if you don’t have deep structure. transformation rules are sets of rules which will change or move constitiuents in the structures derive from the phrase structure rules.

e.g.

The DS (deep structure)

(2)	SD (structure describtion) : SC (Structural change) : SS (Surface structure) :	1 2 3 4 3 4 + be 2+en 1 The door is closed by you
Note: the SC is passive transformation rules

(3)	SD: SC: SS:	1 2 3 4 0 2 3 4 Close the door!
Note: 0 is deletion

From the above example, it can be concluded that deep structure then is a pure representation of thematic relations. Anything which is interpreted as the subject or object of a given predicate will be in the subject or object position of that predicate at Deep structure no matter where it is found at Surface structure.

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Grice's Cooperative Principle

The Gricean cooperative principle refers to the concept of the philosopher Grice about the cooperation between speakers in using the maxims. The cooperative principle makes our contribution such as it is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which we are engaged. Levinson (1985) states that the Gricean cooperative principle is construed as a theory of communication; it has the interesting consequence that it gives an account of how communication might be achieved in the absence of any conventional means for expressing the intended message. A corollary is that it provides an account of how more can be communicated, in his rather strict sense of non-naturally meant, than what is actually said.

In sorting out the different conversations can be very complex. There are, however, four maxims that can be regarded as general principles in all conversations, those are:

(1) The Maxim of Quantity, try to make your contribution as informative as is required, in the other words, do not make your contribution more or less informative than is required;
Example of violation:
A: What time is it?
B: It's two a'clock, in fact it's four pass two, and now it's Sunday.

(2) The Maxim of Quality, try to make your contribution one that is true. At this point, to make your utterances understandable, you have to avoid saying something that you believe to be false or lack adequate evidence;
Example of violation:
A: What is the Capital City of Indonesia?
B: I believe it's Bogor, or maybe Jakarta, Indonesia has wide territory.

(3) The Maxim of Relevance, try to make your contributions relevant. It means you have to say some information which is related to the topic;
Example of violation:
Mom: Have you done your homework?
Son: My bicycle is broken mom.

(4)The Maxim of Manner, try to make your utterance as clear, as brief, and as orderly as one can in what one says, and avoid obscurity and ambiguity.
Example of violation:
"It’s the taste" (ads of Coca cola)

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See also:
Grice's cooperative principle
Cooperative Principle: Implicature
Cooperative Principle: Flouting Maxims
The Hedging of Maxims

Basic Versification of Poetry (Part 2)

Rhyme

Rhyme in poetry refers to the identity of sound at the ends of lines.

l Perfect rhyme vs. half-rhyme

Perfect rhyme occurs when the stressed vowels following differing consonants sounds are identical.

Half-rhymeoccurs when the final consonant sounds are identical

e.g.

Thou still unravish’d bride of quietness,

Thou foster- child of silence and slow time,

Sylvan historian, who canst thus express

A flowery tale more sweetly then our rhyme:

Note: The green italic words are the examples of half-rhyme

The red italic words are the examples of perfect rhyme

l Masculine vs. feminine

Masculine: when the final syllables are stressed.

e.g. inquired-desired

Feminine: when the final syllables are unstressed

e.g. flowers – bowers

Internal rhyme: the rhyming words found within the line.

e.g.

the splendor falls on the castle walls

The long light shakes across the lakes

Rhyme scheme: the pattern of rhyme in a poem or stanza

e.g.

a-b-a-b, b-a-b-a, etc.

At daybreak on the hill they stood
That overlooked the moor,
And thence they saw the bridge of wood,
A furlong from their door.

Alliteration (initial rhyme): The same sound starts several words.

e.g.

Far winter’s rains and ruins are over,

And all day the season of snows and sins;

The day dividing lover and lover,

The light and loses, the night that wins.

l Assonance vs. consonance

Assonance: the use of identical vowel sounds surrounded by different kinds of consonant sounds

e.g. bird - thirst

Consonance: the use of different vowel sounds surrounded by same kinds of consonant sounds.

e.g. wood-weed

Blank verse: unrhymed iambic pentameter

e.g.

. . . and when I have required
Some heavenly music (which even now I do)
To work mine end upon their senses that
This airy charm is for, I'll break my staff
Bury it certain fathoms in the sea,
And deeper than did ever plummet sound
I'll drown my book.

(William Shakespeare, The Tempest, 1611)

Free verse: Rhymed or unrhymed poetry composed without attention to conventional rules of meter.

e.g.

I love the way I feel today

But how I know the sun will fade

Darker days seem to be

What will always live in me

But still I run

It's hard to walk this path alone

Hard to know which way to go

Will I ever save this day

Will it ever change

Stanzaic Forms

q Couplet: Two successive lines of verse that form a single unit because they rhyme

q Triplet/ tercet: stanza composed three lines.

q Quatrain: stanza composed four lines.

q Sestet: stanza composed six lines.

q Rhyme royal: stanza composed seven lines.

q Octave: stanza composed eight lines.

q Sonnet: stanza composed fourteen lines.

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Audi RS Q3

Jaguar XJ

Basic Versification of Poetry (Part 1)

Rhythm in poetry refers to the patterns of repeated sounds.

e.g.

Born to a throne, stronger than Rome

But Violent prone, poor people zone

Note: The italic words are the examples of rhythm

Feet: In accentual-syllabic versification the basic unit of measurement is known as the foot. The foot consists of one accented syllable accompanied by one or two unaccented syllables.

How to determine the feet in a line?

Determine how many syllables are there in the line;
Read naturally the sentence (in reading there must be stressed and unstressed syllables, these will be used to determine the kind of feet possesed by the line).

e.g.

Kinds of Feet

Iambic: 1 unaccented followed by 1 accented

e.g.

Trochaic: 1 accented followed by 1 unaccented

e.g.

Dactylic: 1 accented followed by 2 unaccented

e.g.

Anapestic: 2 unaccented followed by 1 accented

e.g.

Spondaic: 2 unaccented

e.g.

Metrical lines

l Metric: the art or study of using meter/ syllabic pattern in poetry;

l After discovering the pattern of the feet, the next step is to determine the meter;

l To know the meter, just count how many patterns are in the line and put one of the name of line below after the name of the pattern.

e.g.

The sentence is called iambic, since it has pattern one unstressed followed by one stressed;
It has four feet, so that the meter is tetrameter;
So the name of the above line is iambic tetrameter.

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